情感脑机接口旨在实现对个体情绪状态的精准识别与有效调节。虚拟现实技术凭借高沉浸感和情境再现能力，为情绪诱发提供了自然可控的环境。虚拟现实情感脑机接口将 VR 的沉浸式诱发优势与 aBCI 的识别与调节功能融合，形成具跨模态闭环特性的新型人机交互系统，在推动情绪科学发展和临床转化方面具有重要意义。本文综述了其理论基础、系统架构、硬件组成与关键技术，总结了在情绪诱发强度、神经生理变化、识别准确率及调节情境一致性等方面的优势，并探讨了在多维建模与评估、多模态融合及诱发—识别—反馈一致性等方面的挑战，并提出了未来的研究方向。

Affective brain–computer interfaces (aBCIs) aim to achieve precise recognition and effective regulation of individual emotional states. Virtual reality (VR) technology, with its high immersion and contextual reconstruction capabilities, offers a natural and controllable environment for emotion induction. Affective Brain–Computer Interface based Virtual Reality (aBCI-VR) combines the immersive induction advantages of VR with the recognition and regulation capabilities of aBCIs, forming a novel human–computer interaction system with cross-modal closed-loop features, and holds significant potential for advancing emotion science and clinical translation. This paper reviews its theoretical foundations, system architecture, hardware components, and key technologies, summarizes advantages in induction intensity, neurophysiological changes, recognition accuracy, and contextual consistency in regulation, and discusses challenges in multidimensional modeling and evaluation, multimodal fusion, and consistency across the induction–recognition–feedback loop, proposing directions for future research.