This journal is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. Post-publication changes are handled in accordance with established publishing ethics guidelines, including those recommended by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Corrections and Errata
Minor errors that do not affect the overall results, conclusions, or scientific integrity of a published article will be corrected through a formal correction notice (erratum or corrigendum).
These may include, but are not limited to:
- Typographical or formatting errors
- Minor data labeling or reference mistakes
- Author name or affiliation corrections
- Minor factual inaccuracies that do not alter conclusions
A correction notice will be linked to the original article to ensure transparency and traceability.
Retractions
Retraction will be issued when findings are determined to be unreliable or when the integrity of the work is significantly compromised.
Articles may be retracted in cases including, but not limited to:
- Fabrication or falsification of data
- Plagiarism or duplicate publication
- Serious methodological errors invalidating conclusions
- Unethical research practices (e.g., lack of required ethical approval or consent)
- Clear evidence of image manipulation or data misrepresentation
A retraction notice will clearly state the reason for retraction and will remain permanently linked to the original article, which will be marked as retracted.
Article Withdrawal
In exceptional circumstances, articles may be withdrawn prior to formal publication or indexing. This may occur when:
- The manuscript is found to contain major errors before publication
- Ethical or legal issues are identified during production
- The article was submitted or published in error
Withdrawn articles will be clearly marked as withdrawn and will not be considered part of the formal scholarly record.
Expression of Concern
In cases where serious concerns are raised but conclusive evidence is not yet available, the journal may issue an Expression of Concern to alert readers while an investigation is ongoing.
This notice will remain in place until the investigation is completed and a final decision is made.
Post-Publication Updates
All post-publication changes will be made in a transparent manner. Corrections, retractions, or related notices will be permanently linked to the original article to ensure the integrity of the academic record.
The journal follows COPE guidelines in all cases of publication ethics investigation and post-publication updates.